Licence Holder Iranian Accounting Association Director & Editor-in-chief Ali Saghafi(PhD) Director & General Secretary Naser Partovi Editorial Assistant Maryam Asgharzadeh Badr Accounting and Auditing Research 2251-8428 6 24 2014 12 22 Analyzing Financial Statements by using Window Data Envelopment Analysis Evidence from Iran Analyzing Financial Statements by using Window Data Envelopment Analysis Evidence from Iran 4 15 104324 10.22034/iaar.2014.104324 FA Mohsen Dastgir Mansour Momeni Saber Saati Mohtadi Mehdi Alinezhad Sarokolaie Journal Article 2013 10 13 Data envelopment analysis model is one of the new methods used to financial statement analysis. But the disadvantage of this method is that it assesses the performance only within a certain time period and statically. Thus, this research is aimed at studying the financial statements' analysis of companies accepted in Tehran Stock Exchange by using window data envelopment analysis model. The main reason to use this new model is to study the performances of firms during different time periods. Thus, we have chosen 100 firms from among those firms as our sample during the time period between 2005 and 2010. The results of our research show that from among the sample firms, only one has retained %100 of its performance efficiency during the time period mentioned. Data envelopment analysis model is one of the new methods used to financial statement analysis. But the disadvantage of this method is that it assesses the performance only within a certain time period and statically. Thus, this research is aimed at studying the financial statements' analysis of companies accepted in Tehran Stock Exchange by using window data envelopment analysis model. The main reason to use this new model is to study the performances of firms during different time periods. Thus, we have chosen 100 firms from among those firms as our sample during the time period between 2005 and 2010. The results of our research show that from among the sample firms, only one has retained %100 of its performance efficiency during the time period mentioned.

https://www.iaaaar.com/article_104324_e5ea6f8a20e3fef83ab617494bc37d80.pdf

Licence Holder Iranian Accounting Association Director & Editor-in-chief Ali Saghafi(PhD) Director & General Secretary Naser Partovi Editorial Assistant Maryam Asgharzadeh Badr Accounting and Auditing Research 2251-8428 6 24 2014 12 22 Predict the relationship between stock returns and information asymmetry using artificial neural networks Predict the relationship between stock returns and information asymmetry using artificial neural networks 16 33 104325 10.22034/iaar.2014.104325 FA Seyed Hosein Sajadi Mohsen Rashidi Baghi Mohsen Shiralizadeh Journal Article 2013 10 13 Given the importance of return on investment studies to estimate the relationship between information asymmetry and return is an important issue. Changes in efficiency, inadequacy studies, and existence of effective factors are cause of development new and intelligent methods to estimate the stock return of companies. The aim of this study is to predict stock returns using information asymmetry with an artificial neural network approach. The independent variable in this study is information asymmetry and stock return is the dependent variable. Therefore, the variables for the 100 companies in the stock exchange and has been collecting for 6 years. Estimated output of artificial neural networks and the results of the estimation using this approach, with evaluation criteria is (R2= 0.99, MSE= 0.064 and MAE= 0.21). Considering the random value (50%) compared with R2= 0.99, correlation between information asymmetry and stock return are observed. Also, the designed network has the least error (MSE = 0.064 and MAE= 0.21) than the other networks. Given the importance of return on investment studies to estimate the relationship between information asymmetry and return is an important issue. Changes in efficiency, inadequacy studies, and existence of effective factors are cause of development new and intelligent methods to estimate the stock return of companies. The aim of this study is to predict stock returns using information asymmetry with an artificial neural network approach. The independent variable in this study is information asymmetry and stock return is the dependent variable. Therefore, the variables for the 100 companies in the stock exchange and has been collecting for 6 years. Estimated output of artificial neural networks and the results of the estimation using this approach, with evaluation criteria is (R2= 0.99, MSE= 0.064 and MAE= 0.21). Considering the random value (50%) compared with R2= 0.99, correlation between information asymmetry and stock return are observed. Also, the designed network has the least error (MSE = 0.064 and MAE= 0.21) than the other networks.

https://www.iaaaar.com/article_104325_664129a357e9645ac9383acbbdfffc1a.pdf

Licence Holder Iranian Accounting Association Director & Editor-in-chief Ali Saghafi(PhD) Director & General Secretary Naser Partovi Editorial Assistant Maryam Asgharzadeh Badr Accounting and Auditing Research 2251-8428 6 24 2014 12 22 The investigation of the Effect of Board of Directors Characteristics on the Firm Performance in Different Level of Market Competition The investigation of the Effect of Board of Directors Characteristics on the Firm Performance in Different Level of Market Competition 34 49 104326 10.22034/iaar.2014.104326 FA Ahmad Khodamipour Ramin Ghorbani Javad Nikkar Younes Bozraie Journal Article 2013 08 05 The process of globalization and the expansion of consumption markets and the increasing number of competitors and degree of competition, it is important to make concepts such as competitiveness. Competitiveness has significant influence over the company's activities and actions. However, studies in some countries showing that the efficiency of the corporate governance mechanisms can be influenced by market competition. Therefore, the present study was to examine the relation between board characteristics and firm performance due to market competition. Accordingly, the data needed for the study of 120 companies listed in Tehran Stock Exchange for the period 1383 to 1389 and panel data regression model were used to test the hypotheses. Also, nonexecutive members of board, the percentage ownership of the board of directors and board members are used as features. For this purpose, six hypotheses to examine this issue in two companies with strong and weak market competition have been considered. The results show a significant impact on the performance of the Board of Directors of the Company does not have any competitive levels. In other words, the Iranian market, the board lacked the necessary performance and their relation with the firm performance does not affect by market competition. The process of globalization and the expansion of consumption markets and the increasing number of competitors and degree of competition, it is important to make concepts such as competitiveness. Competitiveness has significant influence over the company's activities and actions. However, studies in some countries showing that the efficiency of the corporate governance mechanisms can be influenced by market competition. Therefore, the present study was to examine the relation between board characteristics and firm performance due to market competition. Accordingly, the data needed for the study of 120 companies listed in Tehran Stock Exchange for the period 1383 to 1389 and panel data regression model were used to test the hypotheses. Also, nonexecutive members of board, the percentage ownership of the board of directors and board members are used as features. For this purpose, six hypotheses to examine this issue in two companies with strong and weak market competition have been considered. The results show a significant impact on the performance of the Board of Directors of the Company does not have any competitive levels. In other words, the Iranian market, the board lacked the necessary performance and their relation with the firm performance does not affect by market competition.

https://www.iaaaar.com/article_104326_8ac54f2ac624508e0d5646224ab2efc6.pdf

Licence Holder Iranian Accounting Association Director & Editor-in-chief Ali Saghafi(PhD) Director & General Secretary Naser Partovi Editorial Assistant Maryam Asgharzadeh Badr Accounting and Auditing Research 2251-8428 6 24 2014 12 22 Survey Relation between Tax Avoidance and tax difference in listed Companies in Tehran Stock Exchange Survey Relation between Tax Avoidance and tax difference in listed Companies in Tehran Stock Exchange 50 75 104328 10.22034/iaar.2014.104328 FA Sasan Mehrani Seyed Jalal Seyedi Journal Article 2013 10 07 Tax income is one of the most effective factors that influence decisions and strategies of firms and decision makers. Previous literature and empirical results states that companies are trying to choose strategies that will result in tax savings. Also that conservatism and tax avoidance can be complementary or supplant tools for doing that action; empirical evidences show that these tools are used as supplants tools. With this in mind, a question arise that why firms do in that manner and try to be more conservatism. Results of examining 146 companies listed in Tehran Stock Exchange in the 2001 to 2011 by unbalanced Panel model and OLS, Shows that there is a positive and significant relation between tax avoidance and Tax difference between Government prepared Tax and Tax Expresses. In another words, the government is willing to request more tax from companies that do tax avoidance. In previous researches determined that there is no significant relation between conservatism and tax differences. Suffice to say that in basis of this research and previous ones, conservatism related to tax avoidance is a more effective tool for tax savings. Tax income is one of the most effective factors that influence decisions and strategies of firms and decision makers. Previous literature and empirical results states that companies are trying to choose strategies that will result in tax savings. Also that conservatism and tax avoidance can be complementary or supplant tools for doing that action; empirical evidences show that these tools are used as supplants tools. With this in mind, a question arise that why firms do in that manner and try to be more conservatism. Results of examining 146 companies listed in Tehran Stock Exchange in the 2001 to 2011 by unbalanced Panel model and OLS, Shows that there is a positive and significant relation between tax avoidance and Tax difference between Government prepared Tax and Tax Expresses. In another words, the government is willing to request more tax from companies that do tax avoidance. In previous researches determined that there is no significant relation between conservatism and tax differences. Suffice to say that in basis of this research and previous ones, conservatism related to tax avoidance is a more effective tool for tax savings.

https://www.iaaaar.com/article_104328_ea2bc68294b5d8f47ec90829497fdea2.pdf

Licence Holder Iranian Accounting Association Director & Editor-in-chief Ali Saghafi(PhD) Director & General Secretary Naser Partovi Editorial Assistant Maryam Asgharzadeh Badr Accounting and Auditing Research 2251-8428 6 24 2014 12 22 Study Of Main Components Of Effective Tax Rate In The Accepted Firms, In The Tehran Stock Exchange, Based On Model Of Multivariate Nonlinear Regression. Study Of Main Components Of Effective Tax Rate In The Accepted Firms, In The Tehran Stock Exchange, Based On Model Of Multivariate Nonlinear Regression. 76 89 104329 10.22034/iaar.2014.104329 FA Mohammad Kashanipour Hossein Fakhari 0000-0003-4192-6582 Sina Aziz Jalali Journal Article 2014 01 18 Effective Tax Rate Of Firms Plays An Important Role In Economical Decision Making For Firms, Legislators, And Financial Analysts. This Paper Has Been Effectively Studied The Effect Of Firm Size, Capital Intensity, Leverage, Maintenance Intensity Of Inventory, Audits Fee And Ratio Of State Ownership As A Part Of Main Components Of Effective Tax Rate In The Accepted Firms, In The Tehran Stock Exchange, Where In This Relationship, Relationship Exchange, Between Effective Tax Rate With Firm Size, Capital Intensity, And Leverage Have Been Considered To Be Nonlinear. For This Purpose, Compositional Data From 68 Firms Has Been Used, As Of 1368 To 1390. The Results From Statistical Analyses Shows That There Is An Meaningful Nonlinear Relationship Between Effective Tax RateWith Firm SizeAnd Leverage, And Also There Is An Meaningful And Direct Relationship Between Effective Tax Rate With Investment Intensity In Good InventoryAnd Profitability. While, There Is A Meaningful Inverse Linear Relationship Between Effective Taxes Rate With State Ownership And Auditors' Fees. Meanwhile, There Was No Meaningful Nonlinear Relationship Between Effective Taxes Rate And Investment Intensity. Effective Tax Rate Of Firms Plays An Important Role In Economical Decision Making For Firms, Legislators, And Financial Analysts. This Paper Has Been Effectively Studied The Effect Of Firm Size, Capital Intensity, Leverage, Maintenance Intensity Of Inventory, Audits Fee And Ratio Of State Ownership As A Part Of Main Components Of Effective Tax Rate In The Accepted Firms, In The Tehran Stock Exchange, Where In This Relationship, Relationship Exchange, Between Effective Tax Rate With Firm Size, Capital Intensity, And Leverage Have Been Considered To Be Nonlinear. For This Purpose, Compositional Data From 68 Firms Has Been Used, As Of 1368 To 1390. The Results From Statistical Analyses Shows That There Is An Meaningful Nonlinear Relationship Between Effective Tax RateWith Firm SizeAnd Leverage, And Also There Is An Meaningful And Direct Relationship Between Effective Tax Rate With Investment Intensity In Good InventoryAnd Profitability. While, There Is A Meaningful Inverse Linear Relationship Between Effective Taxes Rate With State Ownership And Auditors' Fees. Meanwhile, There Was No Meaningful Nonlinear Relationship Between Effective Taxes Rate And Investment Intensity.

https://www.iaaaar.com/article_104329_e086b3472c8d4ef542107a312c40f8b9.pdf

Licence Holder Iranian Accounting Association Director & Editor-in-chief Ali Saghafi(PhD) Director & General Secretary Naser Partovi Editorial Assistant Maryam Asgharzadeh Badr Accounting and Auditing Research 2251-8428 6 24 2014 12 22 The Effect of Earnings Surprises and Earnings Quality Attributes on Capital Market Reactions Evidenced from Iran The Effect of Earnings Surprises and Earnings Quality Attributes on Capital Market Reactions Evidenced from Iran 90 103 104330 10.22034/iaar.2014.104330 FA Zahra Lashgari Elham Bakhshayesh Journal Article 2013 09 07 Unexpected earnings and earnings quality are considered to be very important by most investors and this may result in reactions by investors. Therefore, the present research is going to study the interactive effects of surprise earnings and earnings quality attributes on capital market reactions in Gampanies Listed accepted in Tehran Stock Exchange. The difference between the predicted earnings and real earnings has been used to calculate surprise earnings. In the present research 96 firms accepted in Tehran Stock Exchange during the time period between 2006 and 2011 were investigated. To test the hypotheses we have used panel method. The research findings show that generally the surprise earnings have positive and significant effects on market reactions. Also earnings consistency, the relevancy of earnings has negative and significant effects on market reaction and finally earnings conservatism has positive and significant effects on market reactions. Unexpected earnings and earnings quality are considered to be very important by most investors and this may result in reactions by investors. Therefore, the present research is going to study the interactive effects of surprise earnings and earnings quality attributes on capital market reactions in Gampanies Listed accepted in Tehran Stock Exchange. The difference between the predicted earnings and real earnings has been used to calculate surprise earnings. In the present research 96 firms accepted in Tehran Stock Exchange during the time period between 2006 and 2011 were investigated. To test the hypotheses we have used panel method. The research findings show that generally the surprise earnings have positive and significant effects on market reactions. Also earnings consistency, the relevancy of earnings has negative and significant effects on market reaction and finally earnings conservatism has positive and significant effects on market reactions.

https://www.iaaaar.com/article_104330_bb1184448509e5a8685f13b2eb963fc6.pdf

https://www.iaaaar.com/article_104331_dbe47d77c90f6dbe62274526c213e3a4.pdf

Licence Holder Iranian Accounting Association Director & Editor-in-chief Ali Saghafi(PhD) Director & General Secretary Naser Partovi Editorial Assistant Maryam Asgharzadeh Badr Accounting and Auditing Research 2251-8428 6 24 2014 12 22 "The investigative of effect of ownership structure on earning persistence of companies listed in Tehran Stock Exchange" "The investigative of effect of ownership structure on earning persistence of companies listed in Tehran Stock Exchange" 118 133 104332 10.22034/iaar.2014.104332 FA Hojat Sarhangi Abbas Jalali Farahani Journal Article 2014 03 08 This research has examined the relation between ownership structure and the earnings persistence considering the concentration and composition of the company ownership structure. Regarding ownership concentration the indices defined as biggest shareholder and the first five big shareholders of the company and for ownership composition the indices defined as managerial ownership, institutional ownership, & individual ownership. Testing hypotheses has done Through cross-sectional regression modeling and Regression analysis. This research study the firms listed in Tehran Stock Exchange and the period of the study is between 1386 to 1390. The statistical population of the study after the limitations, is the 134 companies listed in Tehran Stock Exchange for the period of study and research sample consisted of 100 firms which were chosen from the research population. The research conclusions of this research indicate that ownership structure has significant effect on the earnings persistence. managerial ownership and first five big shareholders of the company have significant positive effects on the earnings persistence. Individual ownership has significant negative effect on the earnings persistence. Also there is no statistical significant correlation between institutional ownership and biggest shareholder on the earnings persistence. This research has examined the relation between ownership structure and the earnings persistence considering the concentration and composition of the company ownership structure. Regarding ownership concentration the indices defined as biggest shareholder and the first five big shareholders of the company and for ownership composition the indices defined as managerial ownership, institutional ownership, & individual ownership. Testing hypotheses has done Through cross-sectional regression modeling and Regression analysis. This research study the firms listed in Tehran Stock Exchange and the period of the study is between 1386 to 1390. The statistical population of the study after the limitations, is the 134 companies listed in Tehran Stock Exchange for the period of study and research sample consisted of 100 firms which were chosen from the research population. The research conclusions of this research indicate that ownership structure has significant effect on the earnings persistence. managerial ownership and first five big shareholders of the company have significant positive effects on the earnings persistence. Individual ownership has significant negative effect on the earnings persistence. Also there is no statistical significant correlation between institutional ownership and biggest shareholder on the earnings persistence.

https://www.iaaaar.com/article_104332_38ea3cd8ca2408c75db246dfe322a630.pdf

Licence Holder Iranian Accounting Association Director & Editor-in-chief Ali Saghafi(PhD) Director & General Secretary Naser Partovi Editorial Assistant Maryam Asgharzadeh Badr Accounting and Auditing Research 2251-8428 6 24 2014 12 22 Examination of Iranian companies characteristics’ relative importance in earning quality determination and analytical comparison with market capital of other countries. Examination of Iranian companies characteristics’ relative importance in earning quality determination and analytical comparison with market capital of other countries. 134 150 104333 10.22034/iaar.2014.104333 FA Seyed Abbas Borhani Ebrahim Jafarimanesh Journal Article 2020 03 07 Since reporting and determining organization and business entities’ profit has been placed in accounting’s expert’s circle of attention, quality of earning is considered as one of the most important theoretical areas and always stressed on its importance. Although goal of this research is to find effective factors regarding quality of active companies in Iranian capital market, but lack of a comprehensive measure for earning quality and precise statistical based criteria has been proofed which is considered as the main problem in pas research in this field. We addressed this problem in our article. Also across all the pas researches in Iran, none of them could represent a comparative analysis of Iranian companies’ earning quality with other countries. Using a comprehensive earning quality measurement is on the most advantages of this article from the pas ones. We measured quality of earning by using seven indictors (relativity, accrual quality, timeliness, conservatively, smoothing, stability and predictability). Our independent variables in level of companies are: size, sale, sales volatility, cash flow volatility, and loss incurring frequency and investment opportunities). Time period of this research is 2001-2012. Our results imply positive relationship between earning quality and Iranian companies’ size, investment opportunities, also we observed a reverse relationship between earning quality and cash flow volatility. Finally we concluded that in our researching time period cash flow volatility has stronger effect in Iran than other countries. Since reporting and determining organization and business entities’ profit has been placed in accounting’s expert’s circle of attention, quality of earning is considered as one of the most important theoretical areas and always stressed on its importance. Although goal of this research is to find effective factors regarding quality of active companies in Iranian capital market, but lack of a comprehensive measure for earning quality and precise statistical based criteria has been proofed which is considered as the main problem in pas research in this field. We addressed this problem in our article. Also across all the pas researches in Iran, none of them could represent a comparative analysis of Iranian companies’ earning quality with other countries. Using a comprehensive earning quality measurement is on the most advantages of this article from the pas ones. We measured quality of earning by using seven indictors (relativity, accrual quality, timeliness, conservatively, smoothing, stability and predictability). Our independent variables in level of companies are: size, sale, sales volatility, cash flow volatility, and loss incurring frequency and investment opportunities). Time period of this research is 2001-2012. Our results imply positive relationship between earning quality and Iranian companies’ size, investment opportunities, also we observed a reverse relationship between earning quality and cash flow volatility. Finally we concluded that in our researching time period cash flow volatility has stronger effect in Iran than other countries.

https://www.iaaaar.com/article_104333_5f2727447e2b51abc06c9d389f9add4a.pdf